The Old Testament book of 1 Samuel is a record of triumph and tragedy. Its three main characters, Samuel the prophet, Saul, and David are among the most powerful people in the Bible, yet their lives were scarred by far-reaching mistakes. The people of Israel thought their nation would be more successful if they were led by a king, like the surrounding countries. 1 Samuel tells the story of Israel’s change from a theocracy, a country run by God, to a monarchy, a country led by human royalty.